Abstract
One approach to evaluating the strength of association between a longitudinal marker process and a key clinical event time is through predictive regression methods such as a time-dependent covariate hazard model. For example, a time-varying covariate Cox model specifies the instantaneous risk of the event as a function of the time-varying marker and additional covariates. In this manuscript we explore a second complementary approach which characterizes the distribution of the marker as a function of both the measurement time and the ultimate event time. Our goal is to flexibly extend the standard diagnostic accuracy concepts of sensitivity and specificity to explicitly recognize both the timing of the marker measurement and the timing of disease. The accuracy of a longitudinal marker can be fully characterized using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. We detail a semiparametric estimation method for time-dependent ROC curves that adopts a regression quantile approach for longitudinal data introduced by Heagerty and Pepe (1999}. We extend the work of Heagerty and Pepe (1999} by developing asymptotic distribution theory for the ROC estimators where the distributional shape for the marker is allowed to depend on covariates. To illustrate our method, we analyze pulmonary function measurements among cystic fibrosis subjects to assemble a case-control study and estimate ROC curves that assess how well the pulmonary function measurement can distinguish subjects that progress to death from subjects that remain alive. Comparing the results from our semiparametric analysis to a fully parametric method discussed by Etzioni and Pepe (1999} suggests that the ability to relax distributional assumptions may be important in practice.
Disciplines
Clinical Epidemiology | Longitudinal Data Analysis and Time Series | Statistical Models | Survival Analysis
Suggested Citation
Zheng, Yingye and Heagerty, Patrick, "Semiparametric Estimation of Time-Dependent: ROC Curves for Longitudinal Marker Data" (December 2003). UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series. Working Paper 220.
https://biostats.bepress.com/uwbiostat/paper220
Included in
Clinical Epidemiology Commons, Longitudinal Data Analysis and Time Series Commons, Statistical Models Commons, Survival Analysis Commons
Comments
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The authors gratefully acknowledge The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation for permission to use the pulmonary function data. This research was supported by grants GM54438 and HL72966 from the National Institutes of Health.